The open directory offamily capital.

A family office manages and invests a wealthy family's capital. A single family office works for one family and invests only that family's money; a multi family office serves several families and invests or allocates on their behalf.

Whose money it is. A single family office invests one family's own capital, with no outside investors. A multi family office provides family-office services to several families and invests or allocates their money through mandates, its own programmes or club deals. Firms that only advise are not listed.

Many European families invest through a holding company rather than an entity called a family office. A family holding is listed when it owns stakes in several separate businesses or invests beyond its own group. A family-anchored fund began with one family's capital and now also manages money for others.

Check the profile first: whether it invests directly or through funds, its sectors and recent deals, and whether it states that it accepts submissions. Many family offices only review opportunities through introductions; where a profile says so, respect it.

Every profile is built from public primary sources such as the entity's own website and legal notice, annual reports, regulators and press releases. Each fact links to its source, and unknown fields are left empty rather than estimated.